What causes Sclerema?
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Most likely, scleroderma is caused by a combination of factors, including immune system problems, genetics and environmental triggers.
Why does Sclerema Neonatorum occur?
The pathogenesis of sclerema neonatorum remains unknown. Subcutaneous adipose tissue in neonates is enriched in saturated fats as compared with the subcutaneous fat composition of older individuals. This special biochemical property of neonatal fat makes it more likely to harden in a cold environment.
What is the meaning of Sclerema?
noun Pathology. sclerosis, or hardening, especially of the skin.
Do infants have subcutaneous fat?
Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN) is an uncommon panniculitis of neonates. Classically, red, red-brown, or violaceous subcutaneous nodules and indurated plaques develop on the back, buttocks, proximal extremities, or cheeks within the first few weeks of life (picture 1A-B).
What is subcutaneous fat necrosis?
Subcutaneous fat necrosis (SCFN) of the newborn is a self-limited inflammation of the subcutaneous adipose tissue that typically develops in the first week of life in full-term neonates. Complications include pain, scarring, and hypercalcemia that can develop weeks after SCFN is noted on physical examination.
What is congenital sepsis?
Neonatal sepsis is a blood infection that occurs in an infant younger than 90 days old. Early-onset sepsis is seen in the first week of life.
What is a normal neonate?
The body of a normal newborn is essentially cylindrical; head circumference slightly exceeds that of the chest. For a term baby, the average circumference of the head is 33–35 cm (13–14 inches), and the average circumference of the chest is 30–33 cm (12–13 inches).
What are neonates?
Neonate: A newborn baby, specifically a baby in the first 4 weeks after birth. After a month, a baby is no longer considered a neonate.
What is the best treatment for scleroderma?
Treating Scleroderma
- Getting pain relief through nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory medications or corticosteroids.
- Easing skin itchiness with skin lotions and moisturizers.
- Slowing skin thickening and minimizing damage to the internal organs with medication that suppresses the immune system.
What is the difference between scleroderma and Scleredema?
Scleredema is differentiated from scleroderma by the presence of mucin and the lack of destruction of skin adnexa.
What is Moro reflex?
The Moro reflex is a normal reflex for an infant when he or she is startled or feels like they are falling. The infant will have a startled look and the arms will fling out sideways with the palms up and the thumbs flexed. Absence of the Moro reflex in newborn infants is abnormal and may indicate an injury or disease.
What is asphyxia Neonatorum?
Asphyxia neonatorum is a condition that occurs when a baby doesn’t get enough oxygen during the birth process. It can be fatal. Another more common name for it is perinatal asphyxia, or birth asphyxia. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy may be a result of severe asphyxia neonatorum.
What is Sclerema neonatorum?
Sclerema neonatorum is a disease affecting the subcutaneous fat of newborn babies. It results in hardening skin that spreads rapidly to affect much of the body.
What is the mortality and morbidity associated with Sclerema neonatorum?
Because sclerema neonatorum invariably is associated with serious underlying disease, the mortality rate is high. In different series, the reported mortality rates range from 67-88%, with death occurring hours to days after onset. If the underlying disease is treated successfully, the skin softens and returns to normal.
Is sclerema a final clinical pathway of neonatal sepsis?
(One of the original articles explaining that sclerema may be a final clinical pathway of many types of severe neonatal illness such as sepsis.) Levin, SE, Bakst, CM, Isserow, L. “Sclerema neonatorum treated with corticosteroids”.
What is the pathophysiology of scleredema with necrosis of adipocytes (SCN)?
SCFN has circumscribed hardening of skin on bony prominences with necrosis of adipocytes in subcutaneous tissue and a dense granulomatous infiltrate on histology. Scleredema is characterized by hardening of the skin along with edema; histology shows inflammatory infiltrate and edema in skin and subcutaneous tissues.