What lung diseases cause hyponatremia?
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Diseases that may present with SIADH include lung infections (pneumonia, pulmonary abscess, tuberculosis, aspergillosis), asthma, COPD, lung tumors, cystic fibrosis, and acute respiratory failure. 4 Hypoxia is associated with ADH secretion,5 but hypercapnia is more commonly associated with this phenomenon.
Which one of the following results is consistent with a diagnosis of SIADH?
Diagnosis of SIADH decreased serum osmolality (<275 mOsm/kg) increased urine osmolality (>100 mOsm/kg) euvolaemia. increased urine sodium (>20 mmol/L)
What is cerebral salt wasting syndrome?
Cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSW) is defined as a renal loss of sodium during intracranial disease leading to hyponatremia and a decrease in extracellular fluid volume. The pathogenesis of this disorder is still not completely understood.
How does hyponatremia affect the respiratory system?
With regards to respiratory function, patients with hyponatremia showed less severe air trapping, hypercapnia and DLco impairment than the other group. The use of drugs with potential effects on sodium levels was very similar in both groups, with the use of diuretics being 17% in the hyponatremic patients.
Can SIADH cause hyponatremia?
The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is the most common cause of euvolemic hyponatremia in hospitalized patients.
How does SIADH lead to hyponatremia?
The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a disorder of impaired water excretion caused by the inability to suppress the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) [1]. If water intake exceeds the reduced urine output, the ensuing water retention leads to the development of hyponatremia.
What type of hyponatremia is in SIADH?
In persons with SIADH, the nonphysiological secretion of AVP results in enhanced water reabsorption, leading to dilutional hyponatremia. While a large fraction of this water is intracellular, the extracellular fraction causes volume expansion.
Why does SIADH cause hyponatremia?
Can fludrocortisone cause hyponatremia?
Moreover, an insignificantly smaller number of patients developed recurrence of hyponatremia in the fludrocortisone arm than in the control arm (4 of 18 patients [22%] vs 7 of 18 patients [39%]). The possible reasons for poor response of polyuria might be the relatively short-term use of fludrocortisone.
How does hypothyroidism cause hyponatremia?
The main mechanism for the development of hyponatremia in patients with chronic hypothyroidism is the decreased capacity of free water excretion due to elevated antidiuretic hormone levels, which are mainly attributed to the hypothyroidism-induced decrease in cardiac output.
What is atelectasis postoperative?
Atelectasis refers to a partial collapse of the small airways, a common post-operative complication. It can present with hypoxia, raised respiratory rate, or even low-grade pyrexia. Diagnosis is typically clinical, occurring within 24 hours post-operatively. Pain control and physiotherapy form the mainstay of management.
What are the treatment options for hyponatraemia postoperative?
Post-operative hyponatraemia requires careful fluid balance . Start close fluid monitoring, catheterising if necessary; this is particularly important during the intraoperative and post-operative period.
What is the prevalence of postoperative hyponatremia in the US?
A prospective study In the present study, we found that at least 4.4% of 1,088 prospectively studied patients developed postoperative hyponatremia (plasma sodium concentration less than 130 mEq/L). Most patients (42%) were normovolemic.
What is hyponatremia in electrolytes?
Hyponatremia is an important and common electrolyte abnormality that can be seen in isolation or, as most often is the case, as a complication of other medical illnesses (eg, heart failure, liver failure, renal failure, pneumonia).The normal serum sodium level is 135-145 mEq/L. Hyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium level of less than 135 mEq/L.