How does slope affect infiltration?
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For one thing, with the increase in slope, the soil infiltration rate will decrease, which can increase the runoff amount [15–17]. For the other, the effective rainfall obtained by the soil bin will decrease as the slope increases.
How does slope gradient affect infiltration rate?
The results show that, under the condition of equal horizontal projective lengths so that all slopes receive the same amount of rainfall, infiltration increases with increasing slope gradients and runoff decreases.
Why do steep slopes reduce infiltration?
On the steeper slopes, the soil depth is less and hence, there is a greater reduction in the infiltration capacity with the same amount of rainfall. The decrease in depression storage means that less infiltration excess is required to initiate overland flow.
How does steep slope influence infiltration and runoff?
Soils tend to be thinner on steep slopes, limiting storage of water, and where bedrock is exposed, little infiltration can occur. In some cases, however, accumulations of coarse sediment at the base of steep slopes soak up runoff from the cliffs above, turning it into subsurface flow.
What are the factors affecting infiltration?
Factors that affect infiltration
- Precipitation. Precipitation can impact infiltration in many ways.
- Soil characteristics. The porosity of soils is critical in determining the infiltration capacity.
- Soil moisture content.
- Organic materials in soils.
- Land cover.
- Slope.
- General hydrologic budget.
- Richards’ equation (1931)
How does gradient affect?
Gradient is the slope or steepness of a stream channel. It affects the stream’s velocity because the steeper the gradient is, the greater the velocity, due to gravity. … Velocity affects capacity through discharge, since the greater the volume of water in a stream is, the greater its capacity is for carrying sediment.
How does rate of precipitation affect runoff?
Rainfall intensity influences both the rate and the volume of runoff. An intense storm exceeds the infiltration rate of the soil by a greater margin than does a gentle rain; thus, the total volume of runoff is greater for the intense storm even though total precipitation for the two rains is the same.
Is a steep slope a infiltration or runoff?
The steeper the slope and the less rapid the water infiltration rate, the more rapid the water runoff rate for a given soil. Soils having granular structure and high porosity have slower water runoff rates than do soils with massive structure and low porosity.
How does temperature affect infiltration?
The governing factor affecting hydraulic conductivity, and subsequently, infiltration rate is temperature; with higher rates occurring during warmer periods, affecting the infiltration rate by as much as 56%.
What is a high infiltration rate?
Porous soils allow water to infiltrate and recharge ground-water aquifers and sustain base flow in streams. An infiltration rate that is too high can lead to nitrate-nitrogen or pesticide leaching, if they are not managed correctly. Management measures, such as residue management, cover crops can improve infiltration.
How does slope affect erosion and deposition?
Water flowing over Earth’s surface or underground causes erosion and deposition. Water flowing over a steeper slope moves faster and causes more erosion. How water transports particles depends on their size. When water slows down, it starts depositing sediment.
How does the slope affect infiltration rate?
The general answer that the steeper the slope the lower the rate of infiltration which can be commonly found in school Geo text books doesn’t seem to have much empirical evidence. Good! Very interesting! I want to see your results published!!
What is the effect of slope on water availability?
Slope has indirect impacts on water availability (Tse-ring et al., 2010). Steep slope can increase the flow rate of a waterbody which could lead to increase in soil erosion; moreover, slope has a significant effect on the infiltration rate of groundwater; the amount of infiltration decreases with increase in the slope (Fox et al., 1997).
What is the slope angle of infiltration in interrill water?
The experiment was carried out in a laboratory using simulated rainfall and soil trays designed to limit the processes to those found in interrill areas. Slope angles ranged from 1.5° to 21.5°: infiltration was calculated from the overland flow rate, and microtensiometers and micromorphological analysis were used to characterise the seals.
What are the factors that affect soil infiltration?
We also found that organic matter, humus and litter depth, and height of vegetation and cover, all improve soil infiltration rates, while slope degree, presence of coarse elements, stoniness, clay content, bulk density, and electric conductivity inhibit the rates.