What drugs increase theophylline levels?
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Administration of allopurinol, oral contraceptives, cimetidine, erythromycin, quinolone antibiotics, fluvoxamine, zileuton, and zafirlukast has been shown to increase theophylline levels.
What is normal theophylline level?
Therapeutic serum levels of theophylline are between 10 to 20 mcg/ml. Most adults achieve these concentrations with daily slow-release oral theophylline preparations, 200-400 mg (approximately 10 mg/Kg) twice a day.
Does theophylline cause hyperglycemia?
Consequences of theophylline intoxication include metabolic disturbances (hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and metabolic acidosis), nausea, vomiting, and, in severe cases, seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, and death.
What is theophylline toxicity level?
Theophylline is ~60% protein bound and has a volume of distribution of 0.5 L/kg. Therapeutic serum levels range from 10-20 mcg/mL. Toxic levels are considered to be higher than 20 mcg/mL; however, adverse effects may be evident within the normal therapeutic range.
What do theophylline levels indicate?
Answer: A theophylline level is a measure of theophylline in the bloodstream. This is used to regulate the dose. A blood level between 5-15 µg/ml often gives good relief of symptoms with the fewest side effects. Some people may do better with a level less than 5 µg/ml.
Does theophylline increase heart rate?
In healthy subjects, theophylline increased heart rate and systolic blood pressure, but this effect was not significant compared with placebo (Table 4). In CHF, there was no significant effect of theophylline on heart rate.
What is a theophylline test?
Theophylline and caffeine tests are used to monitor the amount of the drugs in the blood to establish appropriate doses, maintain therapeutic levels, and evaluate toxicity. Theophylline is usually ordered as a trough level – prior to the next dose when the concentration is expected to be at its lowest level.
How does theophylline cause hypercalcemia?
A significant increase in serum calcium levels associated with therapeutic levels of theophylline in normal volunteers was reversed by propranolol. It appears that theophylline causes elevation of serum calcium by a system subject to beta-adrenergic regulation.
What are the signs of theophylline toxicity?
What happens to patients with theophylline intoxication? Signs of mild theophylline toxicity are nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, tachycardia, and muscle tremor and are usually seen with levels around 20 to 25 mg/L.
What are the early signs of theophylline toxicity?
What is the most common symptom of theophylline toxicity?
Neurological signs include tremors (most common), restlessness, agitation, and altered mental status. Persistent seizures may occur with serum levels > 25 mcg/mL. Gastrointestinal manifestions are nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea.
What are the signs and symptoms of theophylline toxicity?
Symptoms of overdose
- Abdominal or stomach pain.
- confusion about identity, place, and time.
- dark-colored urine.
- decrease in frequency of urination.
- decreased urine.
- difficulty in passing urine (dribbling)
- fast, pounding, or irregular heartbeat or pulse.
- increased thirst.
What is etofylline + theophylline?
Etofylline + Theophylline is a combination of two bronchodilators: Etofylline and Theophylline. They work by relaxing the muscles in the airways and widen the airways. This makes breathing easier. Common side effects of Etofylline + Theophylline
What should I know before using etophylline+theophylline tablet?
Before using Etophylline+Theophylline Tablet, inform your doctor about your current list of medications, over the counter products (e.g. vitamins, herbal supplements, etc.), allergies, pre-existing diseases, and current health conditions (e.g. pregnancy, upcoming surgery, etc.).
What is the pathophysiology of theophylline toxicity?
Therefore, Theophylline toxicity occurs when serum theophylline levels surpass the levels in the therapeutic range. This can occur by intentional overdose or unintentionally when metabolism and/or clearance of theophylline is altered due to certain physiological stressors. Epidemiology
What is the mechanism of action of etophylline?
Etophylline. Etophylline is the ethyl salt of Theophylline.It inhibit phosphodiesterase enzyme which degrades cyclic nucleotides intracellularly and it results the cyclic AMP accumulation in the cell. This cause bronchodialatation, cardiac stimulation and vasodilatation. This drug release calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulam,…