What are Eph and ephrin Signalling?
Table of Contents
Forward signalling, defined here as ‘ephrin:Eph’, involves signal transduction from ephrins to Ephs; reverse signalling (Eph:ephrin) involves signalling from Ephs to ephrins; and bidirectional signalling involves the simultaneous activation of pathways downstream of ephrins and Ephs (ephrin–Eph; also used here when the …
What do Eph receptors do?
The Eph receptors are the largest of the RTK families. Like other RTKs, they transduce signals from the cell exterior to the interior through ligand-induced activation of their kinase domain.
Is Eph receptor a protein kinase?
The tyrosine kinase domain of Eph receptors plays a central role in forward signalling, such that upon ligand stimulation, the ephrin-bound Eph receptors undergo dimerisation, which results in transphosphorylation and activation of the receptor kinase domains (Fig. 5a).
Where are ephrin receptors found?
Different class A Eph receptors have also been detected in the lining of the aorta, brachial arch arteries, umbilical vein, and endocardium. Complementary expression of EphB2/ephrin-B4 was detected in developing arterial endothelial cells and EphB4 in venous endothelial cells.
What are ephrin ligands?
Ephrin-A ligands are GPI-anchored to the plasma membrane and signal through co-receptors that have not yet been fully defined. Ephrin-B ligands are transmembrane and are linked to an intracellular PDZ-binding motif via a linker containing five tyrosine resides for autophosphorylation.
How many ephrin ligand genes are there in mammals and what subclasses are there?
Of the eight ephrins that have been identified in humans there are five known ephrin-A ligands (ephrin-A1-5) that interact with nine EphAs (EphA1-8 and EphA10) and three ephrin-B ligands (ephrin-B1-3) that interact with five EphBs (EphB1-4 and EphB6).
How many Eph receptor genes are there in mammals and what subclasses are there?
Eph receptors have been conserved in a variety of eukaryotic species from Caenorhabditis elegans to man. They constitute the largest subgroup within the tyrosine protein kinase receptor family, with 14 receptors in mammals known to date. These receptors interact with cell-surface-bound ligands known as ephrins.
Are ephrins cell adhesion molecules?
EphB receptors, ephrins, integrins and cadherins are among many cell adhesion molecules located at the surface of dendritic spines.
What is Eph biology?
Biological functions for Eph receptors and ephrins include vascular development, tissue-border formation, cell migration, axon guidance and synaptic plasticity. Eph receptors can act as a ligand in the same way that an ephrin ligand can act as a receptor.
How are ephrin Bs attached to the membrane?
Ephrin-As are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage and lack a cytoplasmic domain, while ephrin-Bs are attached to the membrane by a single transmembrane domain that contains a short cytoplasmic PDZ-binding motif.
What does Eph mean?
EPH
| Acronym | Definition |
|---|---|
| EPH | Environmental and Public Health |
| EPH | Ephrata (Amtrak station code; Ephrata, GA) |
| EPH | Evidence for Public Health |
| EPH | Électronique et Physique (French: Electronics and Physics) |
What is the full form of Eph?
The Full form of EPH is Ephedrine Hydrochloride, or EPH stands for Ephedrine Hydrochloride, or the full name of given abbreviation is Ephedrine Hydrochloride.
How do Eph receptors interact with other receptors?
Interaction with Eph receptor-interacting protein (ephrin) ligands on the surface of neighboring cells triggers Eph receptor kinase-dependent signaling. The ephrins can also transmit signals, leading to bidirectional cell contact-dependent communication.
What is the function of Eph/ephrin signaling?
Ephrin-Eph signalling drives the asymmetric division of notochord/neural precursors in Ciona embryos. Development134: 1491–1497 [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Pitulescu ME, Adams RH 2010. Eph/ephrin molecules—A hub for signaling and endocytosis. Genes Dev24: 2480–2492 [PMC free article][PubMed] [Google Scholar]
How do phosphotyrosine phosphatases modulate the EPH receptor/ephrin system?
Phosphotyrosine phosphatases can modulate the Eph receptor/ephrin system by terminating forward signaling and favoring tyrosine phosphorylation-independent activities.
What is the difference between ephrin-dependent and EPH-independent signaling?
In addition to their ephrin-dependent activities, the Eph receptors can signal independently of ephrin ligands, for example through cross talk with other receptor systems and cytoplasmic signaling molecules. Ephrin-independent signaling can have opposite effects compared to ephrin-dependent signaling, as exemplified by EphA2.