How is paramyxovirus replicated?

How is paramyxovirus replicated?

Paramyxoviruses replicate within the cytoplasm of infected cells. Virions attach via the HN protein to cellular sialoglycoproteins or glycolipid receptors. The F protein then mediates fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membranes at physiological pH.

What is the treatment of paramyxovirus?

There is no specific treatment for PPMV1. Infected pigeons often die within 72 hours, but may survive with supportive therapy e.g. electrolytes, acidifying agents, probiotics. The addition of electrolytes to the drinking water is the most effective treatment.

What is the paramyxovirus known to affect?

The virus is transmitted through respiratory secretions. Clinically, affected snakes show signs of respiratory tract disease, including open-mouth breathing, caseous material in the oral cavity, and respiratory sounds.

What does paramyxovirus look like?

Paramyxoviruses encode negative-sense, single-stranded, monopartite RNA. They are enveloped and contain a helical nucleocapsid. They appear pleomorphic or spherical in electron micrographs. -ssRNA must first be converted into +ssRNA (mRNA) by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) incorporated in the virion.

Is paramyxovirus segmented?

Paramyxovirus genomes are non-segmented, negative-sense single-stranded RNA molecules. Complete RNA sequences for known members of this family are approximately 15200-15900 nucleotides in length.

How many Filoviruses are there?

There are currently five genera in the filovirus family: Ebolavirus, Marburgvirus, Cuevavirus, Striavirus, and Thamnovirus, with the proposal of a sixth genus, Dianlovirus.

Is paramyxovirus a pathogen?

Some paramyxoviruses, such as the henipaviruses, are zoonotic pathogens, occurring naturally in an animal host, but also able to infect humans. Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) in the genus Henipavirus have emerged in humans and livestock in Australia and Southeast Asia.

What diseases does paramyxovirus cause?

The Paramyxoviridae are important agents of disease, causing age-old diseases of humans and animals (measles, rinderpest, canine distemper, mumps, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the parainfluenza viruses), and newly recognized emerging diseases (Nipah, Hendra, morbilliviruses of aquatic mammals).

What proteins are involved in paramyxovirus fusion?

Viral attachment proteins, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), hemagglutinin (HA), or glycoprotein (G), bind receptors while fusion (F) proteins direct membrane fusion. Because paramyxovirus fusion is pH independent, virus entry occurs at host cell plasma membranes.

How do paramyxoviruses infect cells?

Structure and function of a paramyxovirus fusion protein Paramyxoviruses initiate infection by attaching to cell surface receptors and fusing viral and cell membranes. Viral attachment proteins, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), hemagglutinin (HA), or glycoprotein (G), bind receptors while fusion (F) proteins direct membrane fusion.

What are the different types of Paramyxoviridae?

The family Paramyxoviridae consists of three genera: Paramyxovirus, Pneumovirus, and Morbillivirus (Table 59-1). All members of the genus Paramyxovirus share similar properties.

Are all paramyxoviruses labile?

All paramyxoviruses are labile to very labile and quickly inactivated, e.g. by heat, organic solvents, detergents, ultraviolet, or visible light, and low pH value. Multiplication The multiplication of all paramyxoviruses is similar to that of orthomyxoviruses except that the paramyxovirus genome is monopartite.