What is classical swine fever?
Table of Contents
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious and economically significant viral disease of pigs. The severity of the illness varies with the strain of the virus, the age of the pig, and the immune status of the herd.
Where is classical swine fever found?
CSF is found in Central and South America, Europe, and Asia and parts of Africa. North America, Australia and New Zealand are currently free of the disease. In the 1990’s large CSF outbreaks occurred in The Netherlands (1997), Germany (1993-2000), Belgium (1990, 1993, 1994) and Italy (1995, 1996, 1997).
How is African swine fever diagnosed?
PCR on organs or blood PCR is used to demonstrate the genetic material of the African swine fever virus. It is also a quick test that is able, within a few hours, to provide a decisive answer to whether a pig is infected with the African swine fever virus or not.
What is the difference between classical swine fever and African swine fever?
ASF is caused by a virus that is unrelated to the classical swine fever virus and has a more complex genetic structure. Both ASF and CSF affect pigs only, and do not infect humans and other livestock.
Is there a vaccine for classical swine fever?
The most widely used vaccines for the control of classical swine fever (CSF) in countries where it is endemic are live attenuated virus strains, which are highly efficacious, inducing virtually complete protection against challenge with pathogenic virus.
How do you know if pork has ASF?
SIGNS OF AFRICAN SWINE FEVER IN PIGS
- High Fever.
- Weakness and Difficulty Standing.
- Vomiting.
- Diarrhea.
- Red or blue blotches on the skin (Particularly around ears and snout)
- Coughing or labored breathing.
- In Sow Barns: miscarriage, abortions, stillbirths, and weak litters can occur.
Is classical swine fever reportable?
Because of its worldwide distribution and its immense economic impact on the porcine industry globally (5–7), CSF is reportable to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) (8).
How long does ASF last?
ASF virus, in a suitable protein environment, is stable over a wide temperature and pH range. It has been shown to survive in serum at room temperature for 18 months, in refrigerated blood for 6 years, and in blood at 37°C for a month.
How would a vet treat this African swine fever?
There is no treatment or vaccine available for this disease. The only way to stop this disease is to depopulate all affected or exposed swine herds.
Is there a vaccine for classical swine fever and African swine fever?
There are no treatments for CSFV. Instead, vaccination against CSFV is used to prevent the disease and is usually applied in regions of the world where CSF is endemic. Countries considered free of the disease do not apply vaccination (eg, USA, Canada, and Europe).
What is the classical swine fever surveillance program?
The Classical Swine Fever (CSF) Surveillance Program is designed to enhance surveillance for the rapid detection of CSF virus introduced into U.S. swine by testing targeted swine populations in high risk states. The program is implemented by APHIS in cooperation with the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN).
What type of virus is swine fever?
Classical swine fever is a Pestivirus (family Flaviviridae), related to the virus of bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) and sheep’s border disease (BD). Strains of CSF vary greatly in antigenicity and virulence.
What is the relationship between BVDV and classical swine fever?
These two diseases and classical swine fever (CSF) are closely related members of the family Togaviridae. Naturally occurring infections with BVDV and BDV have occurred in swine. Their major importance in swine is that they both induce antibodies that can lead to serologic misdiagnosis of CSF.
What is the differential diagnosis for swine fever?
Clinically, the differential diagnosis varies based on the course of CSF. African swine fever African Swine Fever read more is the main differential because this disease has a similar clinical presentation.