What is fixed function pipeline?
The term Fixed Function Pipeline commonly refers to the set of configurable processing state present in older versions of OpenGL that have since been replaced by Shaders of some sort.
What is programmable pipeline?
OpenGL 1.1 uses a fixed-function pipeline for graphics processing. Data is provided by a program and passes through a series of processing stages that ultimately produce the pixel colors seen in the final image.

What do you mean by fixed function?
Fixed-function is a term canonically used to contrast 3D graphics APIs and earlier GPUs designed prior to the advent of shader-based 3D graphics APIs and GPU architectures.
Why do we need programmable pipeline graphics?
Modern graphics cards use a freely programmable, shader-controlled pipeline, which allows direct access to individual processing steps. To relieve the main processor, additional processing steps have been moved to the pipeline and the GPU.
How many time a vertex shader is called?

once per
Your shader is called once per vertex. Each time it’s called you are required to set the special global variable, gl_Position to some clip space coordinates. Vertex shaders need data. They can get that data in 3 ways.
How do I create a fixed formula in Excel?
Select the cell with the formula you want to make it constant. 2. In the Formula Bar, put the cursor in the cell which you want to make it constant, then press the F4 key.
What are the three principal transformations in the processing pipeline?
A graphics pipeline can be divided into three major steps: application, geometry and rasterization.
What are the different phases of graphics pipeline?
A graphics pipeline can be divided into three main parts: Application, Geometry and Rasterization.
What are WebGL uniforms?
Uniforms. For a shader uniforms are values passed to the shader that stay the same for all vertices in a draw call. As a very simple example we could add an offset to the vertex shader above.