What is Hemi chorea?
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Hemiballismus is characterized by high amplitude, violent, flinging and flailing movements confined to one side of body and hemichorea is characterized by involuntary random-appearing irregular movements that are rapid and non-patterned confined to one side of body.
What is hemichorea hemiballismus?
Hemichorea-hemiballismus is a rare but dramatic complication of nonketotic hyperglycemia in patients with uncontrolled diabetes. It is characterized by continuous, irregular, and involuntary jerky movements of one side of the body, often the result of a focal lesion of the contralateral basal ganglia.
What is diabetic Striatopathy?
Diabetic striatopathy is a syndrome characterized by presence of increased signal with the corpus striatum on T1WI, with contralateral hyperkinetic movement disorders or fleeting sensory-motor manifestations. Commonly observed in patients with type 2 DM, it is less often seen in patients with type 1 DM.
What does Choreiform mean?
Choreiform-movement definition Repetitive and rapid, jerky, involuntary movement that appears to be well-coordinated; often seen in Huntington’s disease.
How common is hemiballismus?
The global incidence and prevalence of ballismus and chorea syndromes are difficult to ascertain and are largely unknown; however, it is estimated to be 1 to 2 per 1,000,000. This categorizes hemiballismus as a rare complication of several disorders, as mentioned above.
Why is hemiballismus contralateral?
The subthalamic nucleus essentially provides the excitement needed to drive the globus pallidus. Injury to this area or its efferent or afferent connections can induce this disorder contralateral to the side of the lesion.
What causes Hemiballismus?
Hemiballismus is caused by a lesion, usually an infarct, in or around the contralateral subthalamic nucleus. Although disabling, hemiballismus is usually self-limited, lasting 6 to 8 weeks.
Why is Hemiballismus contralateral?
What is Striatopathy?
Definitions. In the present study, diabetic striatopathy (DS) was defined as a hyperglycemic condition associated with both or either one of the two following conditions: (1) chorea/ballism; (2) striatal hyperdensity on CT or hyperintensity on T1-weighted MRI as previously reported9,12,15.
What is non ketotic hyperglycaemic hemichorea (NHH)?
Non-ketotic hyperglycaemic hemichorea (NHH), also known as diabetic striatopathy or chorea, hyperglycemia, basal ganglia (C-H-BG) syndrome, is a rare cause of T1 bright basal ganglia and one of the neurological complications of non-ketotic hyperglycaemia, along with non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma and non-ketotic hyperglycaemic seizures.
What is the pathophysiology of hyperglycemic hemichorea and ballismus?
Chorea and ballismus develops rapidly and can be either unilateral or bilateral and is seen during episodes of non-ketotic hyperglycemia. Symptoms usually resolve upon normalization of glucose levels. The exact underlying pathophysiology of changes seen on imaging of patients with non-ketotic hyperglycemic hemichorea is not fully understood 1,2 .
What is nonketotic hyperglycemia?
Nonketotic hyperglycemia is a rare cause of hemichorea-hemiballismus. It is more common among postmenopausal woman and can be the first presentation of diabetes mellitus (1).
Is hemichorea-hemiballismus the first manifestation of decompensated diabetes mellitus?
As demonstrated in our case, hemichorea-hemiballismus may be the first manifestation of decompensated diabetes mellitus, although it can also occur after years of poor glycemic control (2).