What is haptoglobin polymorphism?
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Haptoglobin polymorphism is associated with the prevalence and clinical evolution of many inflammatory diseases, including infections, atherosclerosis, and autoimmune disorders. These effects are explained by a phenotype-dependent modulation of oxidative stress and prostaglandin synthesis.
What is the function of haptoglobin?
Abstract. Haptoglobin is an acute phase protein capable of binding haemoglobin, thus preventing iron loss and renal damage. Haptoglobin also acts as an antioxidant, has antibacterial activity and plays a role in modulating many aspects of the acute phase response.
What do haptoglobin levels indicate?
A haptoglobin test is most often used to diagnose hemolytic anemia. Hemolytic anemia is a disorder that happens when your red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced. This test may also be used to see if another type of anemia or another blood disorder is causing your symptoms.
What is the gene that encodes for haptoglobin in humans?
Genetic polymorphisms of SLC2A2 and HP is associated with serum cholesterol levels. Results identified haptoglobin alpha-1, apolipoprotein C-I and apolipoprotein C-III as candidate biomarkers in PTC. we have now identified human zonulin as the precursor for haptoglobin-2 (pre-HP2).
Why does haptoglobin bind hemoglobin?
In the process of binding to free hemoglobin, haptoglobin sequesters the iron within hemoglobin, preventing iron-utilizing bacteria from benefiting from hemolysis. It is theorized that, because of this, haptoglobin has evolved into an acute-phase protein. HP has a protective influence on the hemolytic kidney.
What happens to haptoglobin in hemolysis?
Haptoglobin is primarily produced in the liver and is functionally important for binding free hemoglobin from lysed red cells in vivo, preventing its toxic effects. Because haptoglobin levels become depleted in the presence of large amounts of free hemoglobin, decreased haptoglobin is a marker of hemolysis.
Why is haptoglobin reduced in hemolysis?
Haptoglobin is primarily produced in the liver and its main function is to bind free hemoglobin from lysed red cells in vivo. Because haptoglobin levels become depleted in the presence of free hemoglobin, decreased haptoglobin is a marker for hemolysis.
What is haptoglobin deficiency?
When your haptoglobin level is significantly decreased, along with an increased reticulocyte count and a decreased RBC count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, then it is likely that you have some degree of hemolytic anemia with red blood cells destroyed in the circulation (intravascular hemolysis).
Where is haptoglobin produced?
Haptoglobin is produced by the liver and collects the hemoglobin from destroyed red blood cells, then transporting it back to the liver, where heme is converted to bilirubin.
Is haptoglobin high or low in hemolytic anemia?
Haptoglobin is an acute-phase reactant whose principal clinical utility is in defining conditions of hemolysis. levels can also become elevated in infection and inflammation. In hemolytic anemia, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels typically increase while haptoglobin levels decrease.