What is the function of IL-21?
Table of Contents
Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL21 gene. Interleukin-21 is a cytokine that has potent regulatory effects on cells of the immune system, including natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T cells that can destroy virally infected or cancerous cells.
What is the function of IL 23?
IL-23 functions in innate and adaptive immunity, and is a key cytokine for promoting inflammatory responses in a variety of target organs. The most important function ascribed to IL-23 is its role in the development and differentiation of effector Th17 cells via activation of STAT3.
What is the role of IL 22?
IL-22 is one of the cytokines that are immediately produced to initiate immune response against several tissue impairments. IL-22 is a fundamental mediator in inflammation, mucous production, protective role against pathogens, wound healing, and tissue regeneration.
What is the function of IL 4?
IL-4 has an important role in regulating antibody production, hematopoiesis and inflammation, and the development of effector T-cell responses. It is produced only by a subset of activated hematopoietic cells, including T cells and Fc epsilon R1+ mast cells and basophils.
What produces IL-21?
IL-21 is produced mainly by CD4 + T cells and NKT cells (see bold arrows), but it is also produced by CD8 + T cells. IL-21 acts on both lymphoid and myeloid populations and can positively or negatively regulate immune responses depending on the context.
Where is interleukin 6 produced?
Interleukin (IL)-6 is produced at the site of inflammation and plays a key role in the acute phase response as defined by a variety of clinical and biological features such as the production of acute phase proteins.
What is IL-21 produced by?
CD4 + T cells
IL-21 is produced mainly by CD4 + T cells and NKT cells (see bold arrows), but it is also produced by CD8 + T cells. IL-21 acts on both lymphoid and myeloid populations and can positively or negatively regulate immune responses depending on the context.
What cell produces IL-23?
IL-23 is mainly secreted by activated dendritic cells, macrophages or monocytes. Innate lymphoid cells and γδ T cells also produce IL-23. B cells produce IL-23 through B cell antigen receptor signaling. Secretion is stimulated by an antigen stimulus recognised by a pattern recognition receptor.
What is the receptor for IL-21?
A novel cytokine related to IL-2 and IL-15 was recently identified and designated IL-21. The receptor for IL-21 (IL-21R, also termed NILR for novel Interleukin receptor) is a new member of the class I cytokine receptor family. IL-21R forms a complex with the common cytokine receptor g chain, gc, and mediates IL-21 signaling.
What is the role of surface IL-21R in rheumatoid arthritis?
IL-21R is associated with the activated phenotype of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts independently of the major proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNFalpha, but not with the destruction of articular cartilage and bone. surface IL-21 receptor is expressed at variable levels by chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells
Is the il-21/il21r axis a new molecular target for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis?
The IL21/IL21R axis reduced the growth and invasion of NSCLC cells via inhibiting Wnt/betacatenin signaling and PDL1 expression. The present results may provide a novel molecular target for NSCLC diagnosis and therapy. IL-21R rs2285452 AA genotype increases the risk of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese patients.
Is IL-21R up-regulated in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease?
Report increased levels of IL-21R in the skeletal muscle endothelial cells of patients with peripheral arterial disease compared to control individuals. expression of IL-21 and IL-21R were up-regulated in autoimmune thyroid disease and may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease through augmenting aberrant immune cascade.