What is orthotopic implantation?
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Orthotopic models involve implantation of tumor cell lines or patient-derived cell xenografts into animal tumor models into the organ or tissue which matches the tumor histotype. This creates a more disease-relevant environment for the assessment of tumor growth, which can be analyzed by optical imaging.
What is tumor implantation?
A nodular tumor that develops at a site in a body cavity or the surface of an organ, at a distance from the primary tumor. [ from NCI]
What is orthotopic pancreatic cancer?
The orthotopic model described here allows the injection of syngeneic PDAC cells into the pancreas of immunocompetent mice. This can be performed in large cohorts of wild-type or mutant mice, and thus provides a cost-effective and consistent model for comparison of therapeutic agents.
How long does it take for tumors to grow in mice?
Palpable growth of patient tumor in mice may take 4–30 weeks with an average time 14 weeks. However, once passaged into subsequent generations of mice, maximum time until tumor formation should be less than 10 weeks.
What is orthotopic surgery?
Orthotopic and heterotopic transplantation are the two types of heart transplant procedures. The more common orthotopic procedure involves a median sternotomy with removal of the recipient’s heart and the insertion of the donor heart in the normal anatomic position.
How do you get rid of mice tumors?
Make a small incision (1-2 cm in length) to gently and completely remove the primary 4T1 tumor from the mammary fat pad. Close the incision with 2-3 9 mm staples. Expose the abdomen by cutting through the skin and subcutaneous layer along the ventral midline of the mouse.
What is tumor inoculation?
Tumor cell injections and inoculations are standard methods for the evaluation of the malignant potential of cancer cells.
What is orthotopic injection of breast cancer cells?
Orthotopic injection of breast cancer cells is a powerful model to study all aspects of cancer growth. Implantation of these cells in the mammary fat pad of the mice should be carefully performed in order to prevent variation in tumor growth. Most importantly, injecting the same amount of cells to each mouse is crucial.
What is the protocol for orthotopic co-implantation of tumor cells?
Here, we describe a protocol that provides the steps required for the orthotopic co-implantation of tumoral and stromal cells into the cecum and rectum to investigate the crosstalk between the tumor and its microenvironment. This protocol recapitulates metastases to the lymph nodes, liver, and lungs observed in human CRC.
What is orthotopic transplantation of ovarian tissue?
Orthotopic transplantation of ovarian tissue is defined as the surgical procedure in which the ovarian graft is transplanted back to the pelvic cavity where ovaries naturally reside. In this approach, ovarian cortical tissue is engrafted into the anatomical locations such as the remaining ovary, pelvic sidewall, and fallopian tube serosa.
What is the difference between subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models?
Although subcutaneous injections are easier to perform, orthotopic models give rise to a more tumorigenic and more metastatic cancer cell population. Thus, results obtained by means of the subcutaneous injections might be either false-negative or false-positive6,17encouraging the use of orthotopic models to study the tumor growth.