Is phosphatidylserine the same as phosphatidic acid?
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Phosphatidic acid (PA) is one of the most important glycerophospholipids found in bio-membranes. PA has different roles in the cell: it is a precursor for other lipids such as phosphatidylserine (PS) or phosphatidylcholine via the conversion of PA to diacylglycerol [16].
Is phosphatidylcholine a phosphatidic acid?
Phosphatidylcholine is a major source of phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol in angiotensin II-stimulated vascular smooth-muscle cells.
What activates phosphatidic acid?
PA is a bioactive lipid second messenger generated mainly from PC by the stimulation of PLD in response to the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases by protein growth factors.
What is derived from phosphatidic acid?
Hydrolysis of phosphatidic acid gives rise to one molecule each of glycerol and phosphoric acid and two molecules of fatty acids.
What is the charge of phosphatidylserine?
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is composed of phosphatidic acid (PA), with the negatively charged phosphate group attached to the amino acid serine at the hydroxyl end. Because of the carboxyl and amino groups on serine, in addition to the negatively charged phosphate group, it is possible for PS to have net charge of -1.
What fatty acids are in phosphatidylcholine?
As is the case for the other glycerophospholipids, phosphatidylcholines are composed of two fatty acids covalently linked to a glycerol moiety by ester bonds in the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. The third carbon of glycerol is esterified to phosphorylcholine.
Does phosphatidylcholine have a fatty acid tail?
In addition to the polar head group, phosphatidylcholine and other phospholipids contain a pair of fatty acid tails (gray). The length of these tails varies from one phospholipid to the next.
What happens lipogenesis?
Lipogenesis encompasses the processes of fatty acid synthesis and subsequent triglyceride synthesis, and takes place in both liver and adipose tissue (Figure 1). Lipogenesis should not be confused with adipogenesis, which refers to the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature fat cells.
What is the name of the enzyme that converts phosphatidic acid to 1 2 diacylglycerol?
Phosphatidic acid phosphatase
Phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) converts phosphatidic acid to the intermediate 1,2-diacylglycerol (1,2-DAG).